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定语从句
在复合句中，用作定语的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导。下面我们结合例句来复习一下初中学过的由关系代词that、which和who引导的定语从句。
1. 关系代词that引导的定语从句，that在从句中作主语或宾语，可以指人，也可以指物。如：
The news that shocked all of us came from Mary. (作主语，指物)
The news that I heard came from Mary. (作宾语，指物)
The boy that came here is Henry\’s son. (作主语，指人)
The child that the woman looked after was suddenly missing. (作宾语，指人)
2. 关系代词which引导的定语从句，which在从句中作主语或宾语，只可以指物。如：
These houses which face south have no trees around them. (作主语，指物)
The film which I saw last night is about a young teacher. (作宾语，指物)
He was reading a book which he was very interested in. (作宾语，指物)
3. 关系代词who引导的定语从句，who只可以指人，who在从句中常作主语。如：
The girl who answered the phone was polite enough. (作主语，指人)
宾语从句
在复合句中，用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词有that, whether, if, who, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why等。如：
I suggested that he should study art.
Nobody knows whether / if he likes this birthday present.
Do you know who will come this afternoon?
I wonder in whose house the party will be held.
I believe what you said.
Can you tell me which gate we have to go to?
I can\’t tell when he will arrive.
Your coat looks very nice. Could you tell me where you bought it?
Can you please tell me how I can read the new word?
I don\’t know why he is leaving.
【小试牛刀】
I. 用适当的关系代词补全下面对话。
Tina: Oh, dear! I can\’t find the book 1. ________ I bought yesterday. Do you know who took it away, Eric?
Eric: Yeah! A girl 2. ________ was wearing a red dress took it away.
Tina: Did that girl come to get that book alone?
Eric: No, she came here with a boy 3. ________ was wearing glasses.
Tina: Oh, no! I don\’t know them. Who are they?
II. 选用括号内合适的连接词补全下面短文。
It was the early autumn of my first year at a high school. I didn\’t know 1. ________ (when / how) I could communicate with my new classmates in the right way so I had no friends. I was lonely. Every time I heard my classmates talking and laughing, I felt my heart broken.
One day, I sat there in silence as usual. A boy entered the classroom. I didn’t know 2. ________ (whose / who) he was. He looked at me with a smile. It made me feel warm. That smile changed my life. Day by day, I became closer to everyone in my class. And the boy with the smile became my best friend.
One day, I asked him 3. ________ (where / why) he smiled at me that day. What a pity! He didn\’t remember 4. ________ (if / what) he ever smiled at me that day! It doesn’t matter because all the dark days have gone. Now I believe 5. ________ (that / if ) the world is what you think it is. If you think you are lonely, you might always be alone. So smile at the world and it will smile back.
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